Islamic state of iraq and levant pdf

Islamic state of iraq and levant pdf
Media in category “Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” The following 199 files are in this category, out of 199 total.
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province (Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام – ولاية خراسان ‎, ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī ‘l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām – Wilayah Khorasan), or ISIL-KP, is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL
The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant: The Middle East was shaken in 2014 by the sudden rise of the transnational Sunni insurgent group known as the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL; also known as the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria [ISIS]). The group surged from its Syrian stronghold into Iraq early in the year and by midyear
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province (IS-K, [7] Wilayah Khorasan) is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant …
12 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 0 2. 4 Al Shabaab 1. 13 Syrian opposition 0 1. 8 Hezbollah 0. 9 FARC 1
Download pdf ( 758kb) FATF’s report on the financing of the Financing of the Terrorist Organisation Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) analyses how …
The rise of the self-proclaimed Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (also known as ISIS and ISIL, for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) has signaled the start of a new jihadist era.
The so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) – also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the Islamic State of Iraq and al‑Sham, the Islamic State (IS) and Daesh (in Arabic) – is a militant Sunni jihadist group with transnational ambitions.
On June 29, 2014, the ISIL removed “Iraq and the Levant” from its name, began referring to itself as the “Islamic State”(IS), proclaimed itself as caliphate and named Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as caliph.
On 8 April 2013, having expanded into Syria, the group adopted the name Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham, which more fully translates as Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant [citation needed] or Islamic State of Iraq and Syria.
Information War with the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant: An Indirect Approach. Brian Russell. After bombing Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) forces for more than a year, the United States (US) and its multi-national coalition are locked in an apparent …


Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Belfast Child
List of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members
ATTACHMENT B Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Zarqawi
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province This paper consists of two parts that address the group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province, the Afghan-Pakistan branch of the greater Islamic State group.
Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant Proclaimed: 9 April 2013 Time zone (UTC+3) Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) or Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) or Islamic State is an Islamic jihadist militant group in Iraq and Syria. It is influenced by the Wahhabi version of Islam. It claims the status of independent state for the territories under its control in Iraq and Syria. It is
The Global Coalition to Counter the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also referred to as the Counter-ISIL Coalition or Counter-DAESH Coalition, [506] is a US-led group of nations and non-state actors that have committed to “work together under a common, multifaceted, and long-term strategy to degrade and defeat ISIL/Daesh”.
What follows is an assessment of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) from a socio-cultural perspective. We have employed a modified PMESII-PT framework for analysis (Political, Military, Economic, Social, Infrastructure, Information, Physical Terrain, Time).
Islamic state may also refer to: Islamic State of Afghanistan , the official name of the country Afghanistan from 1992 to 2001 Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), a Sunni jihadist group that aimed to establish an Islamic state in Iraq from 2006 to 2013 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) or the Islamic State, or Daesh (based on its
18/06/2014 · This is what I have come across on ISIS on Wiki. I admit I have been taken by surprise by this orgnisation . Had no idea an orgnisation so strong and across so many borders borders can succeed in this manner to do what is doing. And I thought Boko …
The Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant (ISIL; Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام ‎), an aa kent as the Islamic State o Iraq an Sirie (ISIS, / ˈ aɪ s ᵻ s /) or the Islamic State o Iraq an ash-Sham, Islamic State (IS), or Daesh (داعش, Arabic pronunciation: [ˈdaːʕiʃ]), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group an sel-proclaimed Islamic
The Islamic State for Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), otherwise known as the Islamic State for Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and most recently as the Islamic State (IS) is, strictly speaking, a Sunni extremist group which holds territorial ambitions.
List of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members Revolvy
The Islamic State is the latest and most powerful incarnation of what began as an Al Qaeda affiliate in Iraq following the 2003 U.S.-led invasion. American forces spent years and enormous
The name of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has been subject of debate and controversy since 2013. In Arabic, the jihadist group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has called itself ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah (الدولة الإسلامية ‎) since June 2014.
Given the rapid development of the terrorist organisation Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), there is a need to understand those funding requirements and associated TF risk.
Tag: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISIS in Somalia Film Swift Assassination of Policeman in Afgooye . Video from the town of Afgooye in Somalia shows the ISIS mujaheddin swiftly sneak up on an alleged policeman, assassinating him and disappearing as quickly as they came. The video was released by ISIS’ Amaq news agency. Author Mark Posted on March 5, 2018 Format Gallery …
The conflict in Syria has seen the rise to prominence of an Islamist militant group called the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS). ISIS – the final ‘S’ refers to al-Sham, an Arabic word
Financial Futures of the Islamic State of Iraq and the
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Hi Macdonald-ross, Thanks for picking up my edit to the opening text and making appropriate amendments. Would it be possible for you to also change the title to Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Threat Tactics Report: ISIL Section 1: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) The Islamic State (IS) began as a Jordanian-led extremist organization
ISIL leader says next target Karbala and Baghdad . It didn’t take long for the leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) to …
(1) the counterterrorism strategy against the islamic state of iraq and the levant: are we on the right path? house of representatives, committee on armed services,
Three Approaches to Center of Gravity Analysis: The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. By Daniel J. Smith, Kelley Jeter, and Odin Westgaard Joint Force Quarterly 78
The Islamic State (IS), formerly the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL; Arabic acronym: داعش Dāʿish) or the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), is a Sunni jihadist group in the Middle East.
A State, an Insurgency, and a Revolution: Understanding and Defeating the Three Faces of ISIS June 2018 Krause, Peter Book Chapter A Tale of Two Caliphates: Al-Qaida and its Associated Movement vs. the Islamic State and its Associated Movement September 2015 Braniff, William Presentation Al Qaeda
a branch of the Salafi jihadist group ISIL, active in Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula
On June 29, 2014, the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) declared a caliphate in territories it holds in Iraq and Syria.[1] In the past few weeks, the world has watched as the rapid advance of the ISIL has offered a serious and significant challenge to the stability of Iraq.
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Paolo Palumbo
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (Arabic language: الدولة الاسلامية في العراق والشام ‎ ad-Dawla al-Islāmiyya fi al-‘Irāq wa-sh-Shām), abbreviated as ISIL, is a group active in Iraq and Syria.
19/03/2018 · Legal disclaimer This image shows (or resembles to) a symbol of Islamic terrorism, such as al-Qaeda, the “Islamic State” which has been banned by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, Constitutional Court of the Republic of Austria and other countries
ATTACHMENT B Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (Also known as: Al-Qa’ida in Iraq; Al-Qa’ida in Iraq – Zarqawi; Al-Qa’ida of Jihad in the Land of the Two Rivers;
The Nineveh Plain Protection Units (NPU), an Assyrian Christian defense force in northern Iraq, liberated the Shabak village of Badaneh from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (IS) last week.
Identifying and Structuring the Objectives of the “Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” (ISIL) and its Followers Johannes Siebert Operations Management, Faculty of Law, Economics, and Management, University of Bayreuth,
Author Mark Posted on July 30, 2017 Format Gallery Categories Best Gore, Executions, ISIS Tags Execution, ISIS, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Shot, Shot to Death, Syria, War in Syria 49 Comments on The Tribal Conflict – Execution of …
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL /ˈaɪsəl/), also translated as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS /ˈaɪsɪs/), also known by the Arabic acronym Daʿish, and self-proclaimed as the Islamic State (IS),[a] is a Sunni, extremist, jihadist rebel group controlling territory in Iraq…
of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL /ˈaɪsəl/; Arabic: ة لود لا ةي ملس لا ي ف قارع لا الاو also translated: Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, ISIS /ˈaɪsɪs/, with Arabic acronym: شعاد Daʿesh)[a] is an unrecognized state and a Sunni jihadist group in the
“The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant: Branding, Leadership Culture and Lethal Attraction,” Final Report prepared for the Department of Homeland Science and Technology Directorate’s Office of University Programs, award – the second message of islam pdf iii Preface The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) has been described as the wealthiest terrorist group in history. From seizing control of banks to extortion to trafficking oil and oil-related
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Sinai Province (Arabic: الدولة الإسلاميةولاية سيناء ‎, ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī ‘l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām – Wilayah Sīnāʼ), or ISIL-SP, is a militant Islamist group active in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt.
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Algeria Province (Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام – ولاية الجزائر ‎, ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī ‘l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām – Wilayah al-Jazā’er), or ISIL-AP, is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL
This is a list of current and former members of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and its previous incarnations, including operating as a branch of al-Qaeda known as al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), from 2004–2006. Little is known about the leadership or members, as most use assumed names and many fight or appear in video with covered
The Islamic State and U.S. Policy Congressional Research Service R43612 · VERSION 75 · UPDATED 1 The Islamic State The Islamic State organization (IS, aka the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant…
This is a list of current and former members of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and its previous incarnations , including operating as a branch of al-Qaeda known as al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), from 2004–2006. Little is known about the leadership or members, as most use assumed names
Branch of the Islamic State operating in Afghanistan and Pakistan
1 ISIL (Assignment for E-learning “Terrorism Studies” Course – St. Andrews University) Origins Islamic State in Iraq and Levant, or ISIL, has its historical roots in Al-Qaeda and in the 2003 Iraqi insurgency. The founding father was the Jordanian Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, a follower of Osama bin
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) and the takeover of Mosul Standard Note: SNIA 6915 Last updated: 20 June 2014 Author: Ben Smith, Louisa Brook-Holland and Rob Page

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Sinai Province

What is the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant? Fox News
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Facts for Kids
Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant Wikipedia

Names of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Wikipedia
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Islamic State Of
U.S. Army Cultural Assessment of the Islamic State of Iraq

Information War with the Islamic State in Iraq and the

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Scribd

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Miscopy

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) an explainer

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Branding
free islamic bangla book pdf – Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Archives Iraqi
CategoryIslamic State of Iraq and the Levant Wikimedia
Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant defence.pk

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and the

The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant Britannica.com

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Indian Defence Review

Information War with the Islamic State in Iraq and the
Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant Wikipedia

18/06/2014 · This is what I have come across on ISIS on Wiki. I admit I have been taken by surprise by this orgnisation . Had no idea an orgnisation so strong and across so many borders borders can succeed in this manner to do what is doing. And I thought Boko …
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province (Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام – ولاية خراسان ‎, ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī ‘l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām – Wilayah Khorasan), or ISIL-KP, is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL
This is a list of current and former members of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and its previous incarnations, including operating as a branch of al-Qaeda known as al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), from 2004–2006. Little is known about the leadership or members, as most use assumed names and many fight or appear in video with covered
1 ISIL (Assignment for E-learning “Terrorism Studies” Course – St. Andrews University) Origins Islamic State in Iraq and Levant, or ISIL, has its historical roots in Al-Qaeda and in the 2003 Iraqi insurgency. The founding father was the Jordanian Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, a follower of Osama bin
This is a list of current and former members of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and its previous incarnations , including operating as a branch of al-Qaeda known as al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), from 2004–2006. Little is known about the leadership or members, as most use assumed names
Given the rapid development of the terrorist organisation Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), there is a need to understand those funding requirements and associated TF risk.
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province (IS-K, [7] Wilayah Khorasan) is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant …
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Threat Tactics Report: ISIL Section 1: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) The Islamic State (IS) began as a Jordanian-led extremist organization
The conflict in Syria has seen the rise to prominence of an Islamist militant group called the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS). ISIS – the final ‘S’ refers to al-Sham, an Arabic word
The rise of the self-proclaimed Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (also known as ISIS and ISIL, for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) has signaled the start of a new jihadist era.
Identifying and Structuring the Objectives of the “Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” (ISIL) and its Followers Johannes Siebert Operations Management, Faculty of Law, Economics, and Management, University of Bayreuth,
The Islamic State for Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), otherwise known as the Islamic State for Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and most recently as the Islamic State (IS) is, strictly speaking, a Sunni extremist group which holds territorial ambitions.
The so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) – also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the Islamic State of Iraq and al‑Sham, the Islamic State (IS) and Daesh (in Arabic) – is a militant Sunni jihadist group with transnational ambitions.

Related Posts

23 Comments

  1. The Islamic State for Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), otherwise known as the Islamic State for Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and most recently as the Islamic State (IS) is, strictly speaking, a Sunni extremist group which holds territorial ambitions.

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Miscopy

  2. The so-called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) – also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the Islamic State of Iraq and al‑Sham, the Islamic State (IS) and Daesh (in Arabic) – is a militant Sunni jihadist group with transnational ambitions.

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Algeria Province
    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Archives Iraqi
    Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant defence.pk

  3. Tag: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISIS in Somalia Film Swift Assassination of Policeman in Afgooye . Video from the town of Afgooye in Somalia shows the ISIS mujaheddin swiftly sneak up on an alleged policeman, assassinating him and disappearing as quickly as they came. The video was released by ISIS’ Amaq news agency. Author Mark Posted on March 5, 2018 Format Gallery …

    The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant More than Just a

  4. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province (Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام – ولاية خراسان ‎, ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī ‘l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām – Wilayah Khorasan), or ISIL-KP, is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL

    List of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members Revolvy

  5. 19/03/2018 · Legal disclaimer This image shows (or resembles to) a symbol of Islamic terrorism, such as al-Qaeda, the “Islamic State” which has been banned by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, Constitutional Court of the Republic of Austria and other countries

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Archives Iraqi
    FileFlag of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant2.svg
    U.S. Army Cultural Assessment of the Islamic State of Iraq

  6. A State, an Insurgency, and a Revolution: Understanding and Defeating the Three Faces of ISIS June 2018 Krause, Peter Book Chapter A Tale of Two Caliphates: Al-Qaida and its Associated Movement vs. the Islamic State and its Associated Movement September 2015 Braniff, William Presentation Al Qaeda

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province
    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Islamic State Of

  7. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Hi Macdonald-ross, Thanks for picking up my edit to the opening text and making appropriate amendments. Would it be possible for you to also change the title to Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

    TalkIslamic State of Iraq and the Levant Simple English
    Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant Wikipedia

  8. Given the rapid development of the terrorist organisation Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), there is a need to understand those funding requirements and associated TF risk.

    TalkIslamic State of Iraq and the Levant Simple English

  9. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) and the takeover of Mosul Standard Note: SNIA 6915 Last updated: 20 June 2014 Author: Ben Smith, Louisa Brook-Holland and Rob Page

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Wiki Everipedia

  10. The Global Coalition to Counter the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also referred to as the Counter-ISIL Coalition or Counter-DAESH Coalition, [506] is a US-led group of nations and non-state actors that have committed to “work together under a common, multifaceted, and long-term strategy to degrade and defeat ISIL/Daesh”.

    Names of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Wikipedia

  11. On June 29, 2014, the ISIL removed “Iraq and the Levant” from its name, began referring to itself as the “Islamic State”(IS), proclaimed itself as caliphate and named Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as caliph.

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant [PDF Document]
    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Revolvy

  12. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (Arabic language: الدولة الاسلامية في العراق والشام ‎ ad-Dawla al-Islāmiyya fi al-‘Irāq wa-sh-Shām), abbreviated as ISIL, is a group active in Iraq and Syria.

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Infogalactic the

  13. The name of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has been subject of debate and controversy since 2013. In Arabic, the jihadist group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has called itself ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah (الدولة الإسلامية ‎) since June 2014.

    Financial Futures of the Islamic State of Iraq and the
    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) and the

  14. What follows is an assessment of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) from a socio-cultural perspective. We have employed a modified PMESII-PT framework for analysis (Political, Military, Economic, Social, Infrastructure, Information, Physical Terrain, Time).

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Infogalactic the

  15. of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL /ˈaɪsəl/; Arabic: ة لود لا ةي ملس لا ي ف قارع لا الاو also translated: Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, ISIS /ˈaɪsɪs/, with Arabic acronym: شعاد Daʿesh)[a] is an unrecognized state and a Sunni jihadist group in the

    The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant More than Just a

  16. 19/03/2018 · Legal disclaimer This image shows (or resembles to) a symbol of Islamic terrorism, such as al-Qaeda, the “Islamic State” which has been banned by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, Constitutional Court of the Republic of Austria and other countries

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Revolvy

  17. Given the rapid development of the terrorist organisation Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), there is a need to understand those funding requirements and associated TF risk.

    Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant Wikipedia

  18. Three Approaches to Center of Gravity Analysis: The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. By Daniel J. Smith, Kelley Jeter, and Odin Westgaard Joint Force Quarterly 78

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Project Gutenberg

  19. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Sinai Province (Arabic: الدولة الإسلاميةولاية سيناء ‎, ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī ‘l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām – Wilayah Sīnāʼ), or ISIL-SP, is a militant Islamist group active in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt.

    Three Approaches to Center of Gravity Analysis The
    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Archives Iraqi
    Information War with the Islamic State in Iraq and the

  20. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province This paper consists of two parts that address the group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province, the Afghan-Pakistan branch of the greater Islamic State group.

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Wiki Everipedia
    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) and the
    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) an explainer

  21. The rise of the self-proclaimed Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (also known as ISIS and ISIL, for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) has signaled the start of a new jihadist era.

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Revolvy

  22. iii Preface The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) has been described as the wealthiest terrorist group in history. From seizing control of banks to extortion to trafficking oil and oil-related

    Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Project Gutenberg

  23. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Hi Macdonald-ross, Thanks for picking up my edit to the opening text and making appropriate amendments. Would it be possible for you to also change the title to Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

    Information War with the Islamic State in Iraq and the
    The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant Britannica.com

Comments are closed.